Fake News and Misinformation — Prelims Questions

Which of the following statements regarding the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021, is/are correct? 1. They mandate social media intermediaries to appoint a Chief Compliance Officer. 2. They require intermediaries to remove content deemed 'patently false and untrue' with intent to mislead, within 36 hours. 3. They were framed under Section 66A of the Information Technology Act, 2000.

Which of the following terms refers to genuine information that is shared to cause harm, often by taking private information and publishing it out of context?

The Supreme Court's judgment in Shreya Singhal v. Union of India (2015) primarily dealt with the constitutionality of:

Which of the following is NOT a direct measure implemented by WhatsApp in India to combat misinformation?

Consider the following statements regarding the psychological drivers of misinformation spread: 1. Confirmation bias leads individuals to seek out information that contradicts their existing beliefs. 2. Echo chambers and filter bubbles reinforce existing beliefs by limiting exposure to diverse perspectives. 3. Motivated reasoning involves processing information to reach a desired conclusion, regardless of evidence.