Ratio and Proportion — Mains Questions

Analyze how the concept of 'proportional representation' in electoral systems, particularly in India's Rajya Sabha, reflects the broader mathematical principles of ratio and proportion. Discuss its implications for federalism and minority representation.

The Economic Survey often uses various ratios (e.g., fiscal deficit to GDP, debt-to-GDP, investment to GDP) to assess the health and trajectory of the Indian economy. Critically evaluate the utility and limitations of relying on such ratios for policy formulation and public understanding.

In the context of urban planning and resource allocation, how can ratio and proportion principles be effectively utilized to ensure equitable distribution of public services (e.g., schools, hospitals, parks) across different localities within a city? Discuss with suitable examples.