Islam in India — Key Changes

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
44th Amendment Act	1978	Inserted Clause (1A) into Article 30, which states that in making any law providing for the compulsory acquisition of any property of an educational institution established and administered by a minority, the State shall ensure that the amount fixed by or determined under such law for the acquisition of such property is such as would not restrict or abrogate the right guaranteed under that clause.	This amendment strengthened the protection of minority educational institutions by ensuring that their property cannot be acquired by the state without adequate compensation, thereby safeguarding their financial viability and autonomy. It prevents the state from indirectly undermining the right to establish and administer such institutions through compulsory acquisition at nominal rates.