Industrial Policy Evolution — Mains Questions

Critically analyze the evolution of India's industrial policy from a state-controlled regime to a market-oriented framework. Discuss the key drivers and consequences of this transformation.

Evaluate the effectiveness of recent industrial policy initiatives like 'Make in India' and Production Linked Incentive (PLI) schemes in achieving their stated objectives. What are the challenges in their implementation?

Discuss the constitutional provisions that underpin the state's power to regulate industrial activity in India. How have these provisions been interpreted by the judiciary in shaping the industrial landscape?