Cooperative Credit Structure — Policy Reforms

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
97th Constitutional Amendment Act	2011	This amendment inserted Part IXB into the Constitution, dealing with cooperative societies. It made the right to form cooperative societies a fundamental right (Article 19(1)(c)) and included their promotion as a Directive Principle of State Policy (Article 43B). It also laid down principles for the incorporation, management, and audit of cooperative societies.	Initially aimed at providing a uniform framework and greater autonomy to cooperative societies, its provisions related to state cooperatives were later struck down by the Supreme Court in 2021, reaffirming state legislative competence over the subject. It highlighted the constitutional importance of cooperatives while clarifying federal boundaries.