Indian Economy

Agricultural Technology and Innovation

Indian Economy·Key Judgments

GM Crops and Biotechnology — Key Judgments

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Version 1Updated 7 Mar 2026

Key Judgments

Aruna Rodrigues & Ors. vs. Union of India & Ors.

2006-2012 (ongoing)

This Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in the Supreme Court challenged the regulatory framework for GM crops in India, particularly the functioning of GEAC and the conduct of field…

M.C. Mehta vs. Union of India (Oleum Gas Leak Case)

1986

While not directly about GM crops, this landmark judgment established the principle of 'Absolute Liability' in India for industries engaged in hazardous activities. It held that…

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