Swachh Bharat Mission — Policy Reforms

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
74th Constitutional Amendment	1992	Added Part IX-A to the Constitution, establishing urban local bodies as the third tier of government with specific responsibilities including sanitation and solid waste management. This amendment provided the constitutional foundation for urban sanitation programs including the Swachh Bharat Mission.	Created the legal framework for decentralized urban governance and empowered municipalities to implement sanitation programs, directly enabling the institutional structure for SBM-Urban implementation.