Urban Infrastructure — Mains Questions

Critically analyze the effectiveness of the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act in achieving decentralized urban governance and improving urban infrastructure in India. What are the persistent challenges?

The Smart Cities Mission aims to transform urban India through technology and integrated planning. Discuss its key features and evaluate its success in addressing the diverse challenges of urban infrastructure development. What lessons can be drawn for future urban initiatives?

Examine the role of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in financing and developing urban infrastructure in India. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this model, and how can its effectiveness be enhanced?