Subsidy Reforms — Mains Questions

Critically analyze the evolution and impact of Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) as a cornerstone of subsidy reforms in India. Discuss the challenges that persist in its comprehensive implementation.

Despite significant reforms, India's fertilizer subsidy regime continues to face challenges related to fiscal burden and balanced nutrient use. Examine the efficacy of existing reforms and suggest further measures for rationalization.

The constitutional mandate of equitable distribution of material resources (Article 39(b) and (c)) provides the philosophical basis for subsidies. In light of this, critically evaluate how recent subsidy reforms align with or deviate from this mandate.