Health Sector Economics — Mains Questions

Critically analyze the evolution of healthcare financing mechanisms in India since independence. Discuss the challenges posed by the high Out-of-Pocket (OOP) expenditure and suggest policy measures to achieve universal health coverage.

Despite significant economic growth, India continues to grapple with persistent health disparities and a high burden of disease. Examine the economic paradoxes inherent in India's health sector and suggest how a 'health-wealth' nexus can be fostered for inclusive development.

Discuss the economic significance of the pharmaceutical sector and digital health initiatives in India. How can these sectors be leveraged to achieve the goals of the National Health Policy 2017 and enhance India's global health leadership?