Poverty Alleviation Programs — Mains Questions

Critically analyze the evolution of poverty alleviation programs in India, highlighting the paradigm shifts from asset-based to rights-based and now digitally-enabled approaches. Discuss the major challenges in their implementation.

The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) provide the foundational framework for India's welfare state. In light of this, examine how various poverty alleviation programs operationalize the principles enshrined in Articles 39, 41, 42, 43, and 47. Discuss the implications of their non-justiciable nature.

The success of Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) in enhancing the efficiency and transparency of welfare delivery is undeniable. However, what are the persistent challenges in its universal and equitable implementation, especially for the most vulnerable sections? Suggest measures to overcome these.