Reservation Policy Economics — Policy Reforms

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
103rd Constitutional Amendment Act	2019	Introduced Articles 15(6) and 16(6) into the Constitution, enabling the State to make special provisions for the advancement of any Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) of citizens, including reservations up to 10% in educational institutions and appointments in services.	Significantly broadened the scope of reservation beyond social and educational backwardness to include economic criteria alone. It created a new category of beneficiaries and allowed for reservations beyond the 50% ceiling for SC/ST/OBCs, fundamentally altering the economic and social justice landscape of affirmative action in India.