Reservation Policy Economics — Mains Questions

Critically analyse the economic rationale behind India's reservation policy, discussing the trade-offs between efficiency and equity. Suggest policy refinements for a more economically effective affirmative action framework.

Examine the economic implications of extending reservation policies to the private sector in India. What are the potential benefits and challenges, and how can these be mitigated?

The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act introduced EWS reservation, shifting the focus of affirmative action towards economic criteria. Discuss the economic rationale and the challenges in its implementation, particularly concerning the 50% ceiling and identification of beneficiaries.