Urbanization Economics — Mains Questions

Critically analyze the economic challenges posed by rapid and unplanned urbanization in India. Suggest policy measures to promote sustainable and inclusive urban growth.

The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act aimed to empower Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) for effective urban governance and economic development. To what extent has this objective been achieved in India? Discuss the economic implications of its successes and failures.

Discuss the concept of 'Smart Cities' in the context of India's urbanization economics. How can technology and innovation contribute to making Indian cities economically sustainable and inclusive?