Indian Economy·Key Judgments

Indoor Air Pollution — Key Judgments

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Version 1Updated 5 Mar 2026

Key Judgments

Subhash Kumar v. State of Bihar

1991

This landmark judgment established that the right to live in a pollution-free environment is a fundamental right under Article 21. While primarily addressing water pollution, the…

M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Vehicular Pollution Case)

1998

Though focused on vehicular emissions, this case established comprehensive principles for air quality management that extend to indoor environments. The court emphasized the…

Vardhaman Kaushik v. Union of India

2017

This case specifically addressed air pollution in Delhi and established the right to clean air as a fundamental right. The court's observations about the health impacts of air…

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