Panchayati Raj — Policy Reforms

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
73rd Amendment	1992	The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992, inserted Part IX (Articles 243 to 243O) into the Constitution, providing constitutional status to Panchayati Raj institutions. It mandated the establishment of three-tier Panchayati Raj system in all states, provided for regular elections every five years, ensured reservation for women, SCs, and STs, established State Election Commissions, and added the Eleventh Schedule listing 29 subjects for devolution to Panchayats.	This amendment transformed rural governance by creating constitutional institutions of local self-government, leading to massive political participation at grassroots level with over 31 lakh elected representatives. It empowered women and marginalized communities through mandatory reservations, institutionalized democratic processes in rural areas, and provided a framework for decentralized development planning and implementation.