Indian Economy·Policy Reforms

Urban Poverty and Slum Development — Policy Reforms

Updated 19 Oct 2026
EntryYearDescriptionImpact
74th1992Inserted the municipal framework in Part IXA and the Twelfth Schedule, which expressly lists slum improvement and upgradation and urban poverty alleviation.Provides the constitutional basis for State-law empowerment of municipalities in these urban functions. Actual capacity depends on assigned authority, finance, staff and coordination with housing, land and service agencies.