Components of Ecosystem

Ecosystems: Biotic (living) + Abiotic (non-living) interactions.
Biotic: Producers (autotrophs), Consumers (heterotrophs), Decomposers (saprophytes).
Abiotic: Climatic (temp, light), Edaphic (soil pH, texture), Topographic (altitude, slope).
Producers: Base of food chain, convert energy (photosynthesis).
Decomposers: Recycle nutrients, essential for soil fertility.
Limiting Factors: Scarcest resource or extreme conditions restrict growth.
Ecological Niche: Species' functional role, not just habitat.
Habitat: Physical place where an organism lives.
Article 48A & 51A(g): Constitutional mandate for environmental protection.
Sundarbans: Mangroves with pneumatophores (biotic) adapting to salinity (abiotic).
Western Ghats: High rainfall (abiotic) supports rich evergreen forests (biotic).
Thar Desert: Water scarcity (abiotic) drives xerophytic plant adaptations (biotic).

VYYUHA QUICK RECALL: PACE P - Producers (Plants, Photosynthesis) A - Abiotic factors (Climate, Soil, Topography) C - Consumers (Herbivores, Carnivores, Omnivores) E - Environment interactions (Limiting factors, Ecological Niche)

Recall Triggers:

1
Green Base: — Imagine a lush green base (Producers) supporting everything else.
2
Sun & Soil: — Think of the sun and soil (Abiotic factors) as the fundamental stage for life.