Environment & Ecology·Environmental Cases

Types of Ecosystems — Environmental Cases

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Version 1Updated 9 Mar 2026

Environmental Cases

T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v. Union of India

1996 onwards

This landmark case, often referred to as the 'Forests Case,' significantly expanded the scope of forest protection in India. The Supreme Court interpreted the term 'forest'…

M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Ganga Pollution Case)

1985

This case highlighted the judiciary's role in addressing river pollution and protecting freshwater ecosystems. The Supreme Court issued directives to municipal authorities and…

Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notifications and related cases

1991, 2011, 2018

While not a single judgment, the series of CRZ notifications and subsequent legal challenges have profoundly shaped the protection and management of India's coastal and marine…

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