Environment & Ecology·Environmental Cases

Biodiversity — Environmental Cases

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Version 1Updated 9 Mar 2026

Environmental Cases

T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v. Union of India

1996 onwards

This series of judgments by the Supreme Court of India fundamentally reshaped forest and wildlife conservation in the country. It expanded the definition of 'forest' to include…

Centre for Environmental Law Education and Research (CELER) v. Union of India

2012

This case, heard by the National Green Tribunal (NGT), highlighted the importance of implementing the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, particularly concerning the formation of…

Lafarge Umiam Mining Pvt. Ltd. v. Union of India

2011

The Supreme Court in this case emphasized the 'precautionary principle' and 'sustainable development' as integral parts of environmental law. While allowing a mining project with…

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