Environment & Ecology·Environmental Cases

Ecosystem and Biodiversity — Environmental Cases

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Version 1Updated 9 Mar 2026

Environmental Cases

T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad vs. Union of India & Ors.

1996 onwards

This landmark case, often referred to as the 'Forest Case,' significantly expanded the scope of forest protection in India. The Supreme Court's interim orders effectively brought…

M.C. Mehta vs. Union of India (Ganga Pollution Case)

1985 onwards

While primarily focused on pollution, this series of judgments by the Supreme Court established fundamental principles of environmental law, such as the 'Polluter Pays Principle,'…

Samatha vs. State of Andhra Pradesh

1997

This judgment dealt with the issue of mining leases granted in tribal areas, specifically in Scheduled Areas. The Supreme Court held that the transfer of land to non-tribals in…

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