Environment & Ecology·Environmental Cases

Sources of Water Pollution — Environmental Cases

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Version 1Updated 9 Mar 2026

Environmental Cases

M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Ganga Pollution Case)

1987

This landmark case highlighted the Supreme Court's proactive role in environmental protection. The Court issued extensive directions to municipal authorities and industries…

Vellore Citizens' Welfare Forum v. Union of India

1996

This case dealt with severe groundwater and surface water pollution caused by tanneries in Tamil Nadu. The Supreme Court reiterated and strengthened the 'polluter pays principle'…

Subhash Kumar v. State of Bihar

1991

The Supreme Court held that the right to life under Article 21 includes the right to the enjoyment of pollution-free water and air. This judgment solidified the constitutional…

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