Nuclear Accidents — Mains Questions

Critically analyze the effectiveness of India's nuclear safety regulatory framework, with particular reference to the role of the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) and the provisions of the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010. What further reforms are needed?

The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster highlighted the vulnerabilities of nuclear power plants to extreme natural events. Discuss the lessons learned from Fukushima and evaluate how India's nuclear safety measures, particularly emergency response protocols, have evolved to address such challenges.

Radioactive pollution from nuclear accidents poses unique challenges to environmental protection and public health, distinct from conventional industrial pollution. Elaborate on these challenges and suggest measures for effective long-term management of contaminated areas.