Radioactive Pollution — Environmental Laws

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
Atomic Energy Act, 1962 (Original Act)	1962	This foundational Act empowers the Central Government to develop, control, and use atomic energy for the welfare of the people of India and for other peaceful purposes. It provides the legal framework for all nuclear activities, including the regulation of radioactive substances and the establishment of regulatory bodies.	Established the legal basis for India's nuclear program, including research, power generation, and the management of radioactive materials, laying the groundwork for subsequent regulatory and safety frameworks.
Establishment of AERB (via executive order under Atomic Energy Act)	1983	Though not a direct amendment to the Act itself, the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) was constituted by the President of India under the Atomic Energy Act, 1962. It functions as the independent regulatory body for nuclear and radiation safety.	Significantly enhanced the regulatory oversight and safety mechanisms for India's nuclear and radiation facilities, ensuring adherence to national and international safety standards.
Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010	2010	This Act establishes a no-fault liability regime for nuclear damage, making the operator of a nuclear installation primarily liable for any damage caused by a nuclear incident. It also caps the operator's liability and provides for the establishment of a Nuclear Liability Fund.	Provided a legal framework for victim compensation in case of a nuclear accident, addressed international concerns regarding liability, and facilitated India's participation in international nuclear commerce, though it has faced criticism regarding supplier liability.

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