Montreal Protocol — Environmental Cases
Environmental Cases
Discovery of the Antarctic Ozone Hole
1985While not a legal judgment, the scientific discovery by Farman, Gardiner, and Shanklin of the severe thinning of the ozone layer over Antarctica provided the irrefutable…
Establishment of the Multilateral Fund (MLF)
1990 (London Amendment)The creation of the MLF was a pivotal moment, addressing the critical issue of 'common but differentiated responsibilities.' It provided a financial mechanism for developed…
Adoption of the Kigali Amendment
2016The Kigali Amendment marked a significant expansion of the Montreal Protocol's mandate, moving beyond ozone layer protection to directly address climate change. By agreeing to…
Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2022
2022This comprehensive report by the Scientific Assessment Panel (SAP) provides the latest authoritative scientific evidence on the state of the ozone layer. It confirmed that the…
India's Ratification of the Kigali Amendment
2021India's ratification of the Kigali Amendment in September 2021 was a significant step, signaling its commitment to global climate action and its role as a responsible developing…