Constitutional Provisions — Environmental Laws

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
42nd Constitutional Amendment Act	1976	This landmark amendment introduced explicit environmental provisions into the Indian Constitution. It inserted Article 48A (Directive Principle of State Policy) and Article 51A(g) (Fundamental Duty).	It mandated the State to protect and improve the environment and safeguard wildlife, and enjoined citizens to do the same. It also shifted 'Forests' and 'Protection of Wild Animals and Birds' from the State List to the Concurrent List, enabling both central and state governments to legislate on these subjects, thereby strengthening the legal basis for environmental protection.

Also build Paper II skills

Climate data, pollution metrics, and treaty timelines are natural practice for CSAT data interpretation and careful reading. CSAT hub.

• Data interpretation
• Correlation vs causation
• Estimation techniques