Environment & Ecology·Environmental Cases

Water Act 1974 — Environmental Cases

Constitution VerifiedUPSC Verified
Version 1Updated 5 Mar 2026

Environmental Cases

MC Mehta v. Union of India (Oleum Gas Leak Case)

1987

This landmark judgment established the principle of absolute liability for enterprises engaged in hazardous activities and expanded the interpretation of Article 21 to include the…

Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v. Union of India

1996

This judgment established the 'Polluter Pays Principle' and 'Precautionary Principle' as integral parts of Indian environmental law. The Court held that these principles are part…

Indian Council for Enviro-Legal Action v. Union of India (Bichhri Case)

1996

This case emphasized the importance of environmental restoration and remediation. The Court held that polluters must not only stop polluting activities but also bear the cost of…

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