Wildlife Protection — Mains Questions

Critically analyze the effectiveness of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, in addressing contemporary challenges to wildlife conservation in India, particularly in the context of human-wildlife conflict and habitat fragmentation. Suggest measures for its further strengthening.

The concept of protected areas in India has evolved from 'fortress conservation' to a more inclusive, community-centric approach. Discuss this evolution, highlighting the role of Conservation Reserves and Community Reserves in achieving biodiversity conservation goals while addressing tribal rights. [VY:POL-03-07]

Examine India's commitments and challenges in implementing international conventions like CITES and CBD for wildlife protection. How does the Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act, 2022, strengthen India's position in global biodiversity governance?