Environment & Ecology

Environmental Impact Assessment

Environment & Ecology·Environmental Cases

EIA Process — Environmental Cases

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Version 1Updated 9 Mar 2026

Environmental Cases

Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v. Union of India

1996

This landmark judgment by the Supreme Court of India firmly established the 'Polluter Pays Principle' and the 'Precautionary Principle' as integral parts of environmental law in…

T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v. Union of India

1996 onwards (ongoing)

Often referred to as the 'Forest Jurisprudence' case, this series of judgments by the Supreme Court has profoundly impacted forest conservation and environmental governance in…

Lafarge Umiam Mining Pvt. Ltd. v. Union of India

2011

This case addressed the legality of mining leases granted without prior environmental and forest clearances, particularly in ecologically sensitive areas. The Supreme Court…

Goa Foundation v. Union of India

2014

This judgment dealt with the issue of illegal mining in Goa, particularly the renewal of mining leases without proper environmental clearances and the violation of environmental…

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