Phytoremediation — Definition

Definition

Phytoremediation uses plants and root-associated processes to remove, transform or contain contaminants in environmental media. Different mechanisms have different endpoints: extraction moves material into biomass, stabilisation reduces movement or exposure, and some organic contaminants can undergo transformation.

The wider field of phytotechnology also includes plant-based hydraulic control. Suitability depends on the contaminant, root access, soil, climate and timescale. A greener appearance does not establish cleanup, and metal uptake does not destroy the metal element.

Evaluation must follow the contaminant's fate and manage any residual biomass or other exposure pathway.