Other Environmental Treaties — Current Affairs 2026
Current Affairs Connections
India ratifies Kigali Amendment to Montreal Protocol
September 2021India's ratification of the Kigali Amendment demonstrates commitment to phasing down hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) by 2047. This amendment extends the Montreal Protocol's success from ozone depletion to climate change mitigation, as HFCs are potent greenhouse gases. India negotiated a favorable phase-down schedule for developing countries, allowing continued HFC use until 2028 before beginning reductions. The ratification requires updating the Ozone Depleting Substances Rules and implementing new import licensing systems for HFCs.
UPSC Angle: Questions likely to focus on the relationship between ozone protection and climate change, India's negotiating strategy in international environmental agreements, and domestic implementation challenges for HFC phase-down.
New CITES listings affect Indian wildlife trade
November 2022The 19th Conference of Parties to CITES approved new listings including several Indian species like the Indian star tortoise in Appendix I and various shark species in Appendix II. These listings require India to strengthen enforcement mechanisms and update the Wildlife Protection Act schedules. The decisions reflect growing international concern about wildlife trafficking, with India being both a source and transit country for illegal trade.
UPSC Angle: Expected questions on wildlife protection enforcement, international cooperation in combating wildlife crime, and the balance between conservation and traditional use rights of local communities.
India designates new Ramsar wetland sites
August 2022India added 10 new wetlands to the Ramsar list, bringing the total to 75 sites covering over 1.3 million hectares. The new designations include Kabartal in Bihar and several sites in Tamil Nadu and Odisha. This expansion demonstrates India's commitment to wetland conservation under the Ramsar Convention and supports the National Mission for Clean Ganga and other water conservation programs.
UPSC Angle: Questions may test knowledge of Ramsar site criteria, the wise use principle, and integration of wetland conservation with water security and climate adaptation strategies.
Basel Convention plastic waste amendments impact India
January 2021The Basel Convention amendments on plastic waste trade came into effect, requiring prior informed consent for most plastic waste exports to India. This change affects India's recycling industry and waste import policies, requiring updates to the Plastic Waste Management Rules and strengthening of border controls. India has had to enhance its waste classification and inspection capabilities to comply with the new requirements.
UPSC Angle: Likely focus on circular economy principles, waste management challenges, and the balance between environmental protection and economic interests in international trade.