Environment & Ecology

Sustainable Development Goals

Environment & Ecology·Environmental Cases

Environment Related SDGs — Environmental Cases

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Version 1Updated 9 Mar 2026

Environmental Cases

M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Ganga Pollution Case)

1987

This landmark case highlighted the judiciary's proactive role in environmental protection. The Supreme Court issued extensive directions to municipal authorities and industries to…

Vellore Citizens' Welfare Forum v. Union of India

1996

This case dealt with severe pollution caused by tanneries in Tamil Nadu. The Supreme Court explicitly incorporated the 'Precautionary Principle' and the 'Polluter Pays Principle'…

T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v. Union of India

1997 onwards

Often referred to as the 'Forests Case', this ongoing series of judgments by the Supreme Court has had a profound impact on forest conservation in India. It expanded the…

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