Urban Solid Waste — Environmental Laws

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
Solid Waste Management (Amendment) Rules 2018	2018	Introduced provisions for plastic waste management, including Extended Producer Responsibility for plastic packaging, collection targets for different plastic categories, and integration with Plastic Waste Management Rules. The amendment mandated producers to establish collection systems and achieve specific recycling targets.	Strengthened regulatory framework for plastic waste management and created market-based incentives for waste reduction and recycling, contributing to circular economy development.
Solid Waste Management (Amendment) Rules 2021	2021	Enhanced Extended Producer Responsibility implementation with detailed guidelines for collection, recycling, and reporting mechanisms. Introduced digital platforms for EPR certificate trading and strengthened penalty provisions for non-compliance.	Improved EPR implementation effectiveness and created transparent market mechanisms for waste management, leading to increased private sector participation in recycling infrastructure.

Also build Paper II skills

Climate data, pollution metrics, and treaty timelines are natural practice for CSAT data interpretation and careful reading. CSAT hub.

• Data interpretation
• Correlation vs causation
• Estimation techniques