Bhopal Gas Tragedy — Environmental Laws

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
N/A (New Act)	1985	The Bhopal Gas Leak Disaster (Processing of Claims) Act, 1985, was enacted to empower the Central Government to represent all victims in legal proceedings and manage compensation claims.	Centralized the legal process, aimed for speedy resolution, but also drew criticism for potentially limiting victim autonomy and the final settlement amount.
N/A (New Act)	1986	The Environment Protection Act, 1986 [VY:ENV-08-02-01], was enacted as an umbrella legislation to provide for the protection and improvement of environment and for matters connected therewith.	Provided comprehensive powers to the Central Government for environmental regulation, pollution control, and industrial safety, becoming the cornerstone of India's environmental law.
N/A (New Act)	1991	The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991, was enacted to provide for public liability insurance for the purpose of providing immediate relief to the persons affected by accidents occurring while handling any hazardous substance.	Mandated hazardous industries to take out insurance, ensuring prompt interim compensation to victims without proving fault, thus shifting towards a 'no-fault' liability principle.
N/A (New Act)	1997	The National Environment Appellate Authority Act, 1997, established an authority to hear appeals against orders granting environmental clearance.	Created a specialized judicial body for environmental disputes, enhancing accountability in environmental clearances and paving the way for the National Green Tribunal jurisdiction [VY:ENV-08-07-01].

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