Environment & Ecology·Environmental Cases

Chipko Movement — Environmental Cases

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Version 1Updated 9 Mar 2026

Environmental Cases

T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v. Union of India

1996 (and ongoing series of orders)

This landmark case, often referred to as the 'Forests Case', significantly broadened the definition of 'forest' to include any area recorded as forest in government records,…

M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (various cases)

1985 onwards

While not directly about Chipko, the series of M.C. Mehta cases established fundamental principles of environmental law in India, such as the 'Polluter Pays Principle',…

N.D. Jayal v. Union of India

2003

This case dealt with the environmental clearances for the Tehri Dam project, a project vehemently opposed by Sunderlal Bahuguna, extending the Chipko philosophy to large-scale…

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