Environmental Issues in India — Environmental Cases

Environmental Cases

M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Oleum Gas Leak Case)

1986

This landmark judgment, delivered shortly after the Bhopal Gas Tragedy, established the principle of 'Absolute Liability' for enterprises engaged in hazardous activities. The…

Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v. Union of India

1996

This case dealt with severe pollution caused by tanneries in Tamil Nadu, leading to groundwater contamination. The Supreme Court applied the 'Polluter Pays Principle' and the…

T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v. Union of India

1996 onwards (ongoing series of judgments)

Often referred to as the 'Forests Case', this series of judgments by the Supreme Court has had a profound impact on forest conservation in India. The Court expanded the definition…

Subhash Kumar v. State of Bihar

1991

This case explicitly declared the 'right to a wholesome environment' as a part of the fundamental 'Right to Life' under Article 21 of the Constitution. The Supreme Court held that…

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