Hawala and Informal Banking — Environmental Cases

Environmental Cases

Haji Mastan Abdul Rehman Mirza vs. State of Maharashtra

1996

This landmark case established the legal precedent for prosecuting hawala operations under FERA provisions. The Supreme Court upheld the conviction of hawala operators and…

Enforcement Directorate vs. Aftab Ansari

2002

This case highlighted hawala's role in terrorism financing, specifically in the context of the 2002 American Center attack in Kolkata. The court established important precedents…

State of Gujarat vs. Mohanlal Jitamalji Porwal

2018

This Gujarat High Court judgment clarified the application of PMLA provisions to hawala operations and established important precedents regarding the burden of proof in money…