Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan — Environmental Laws

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
86th Amendment	2002	The Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002 inserted Article 21A, requiring the State to provide free and compulsory education for children aged six to fourteen in the manner determined by law. It replaced Article 45 with a directive concerning early childhood care and education below six, and added the parent or guardian’s educational duty in Article 51A(k). These are three provisions with different legal functions and age ranges.	For a discussion of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, the amendment explains the constitutional obligation to which elementary-education delivery contributes. Providing places in school, teachers and usable learning conditions is part of translating an entitlement into access. The amendment did not itself create SSA, prescribe that programme’s funding formula or make its administrative guidelines constitutional text. Nor should Article 21A’s six-to-fourteen range erase the separate constitutional concern for younger children.