Private and Public Relationships — Ethical Standards

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
42nd Amendment	1976	Added 'integrity' to the Preamble and introduced fundamental duties in Article 51A, emphasizing citizens' moral obligations alongside rights. This amendment strengthened the ethical foundation of governance by making integrity a constitutional value.	Enhanced the moral framework for public service by constitutionally recognizing integrity as a fundamental value, influencing subsequent conduct rules and ethical standards for civil servants.
44th Amendment	1978	Restored the balance between individual rights and state authority by removing the right to property from fundamental rights and making it a constitutional right under Article 300A, affecting private-public property relationships.	Clarified the boundaries between private property rights and public interest, influencing how civil servants handle property-related decisions and conflicts of interest involving personal assets.