Mahatma Gandhi — Ethical Standards

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
73rd Amendment	1992	Constitutional recognition of Panchayati Raj institutions, providing constitutional status to village-level governance bodies and mandating regular elections, reservation for marginalized communities, and devolution of powers to local bodies.	This amendment directly implemented Gandhi's vision of Gram Swaraj by establishing a three-tier system of local self-governance, empowering rural communities to participate in decision-making processes affecting their lives, and creating institutional mechanisms for grassroots democracy.
74th Amendment	1992	Constitutional recognition of urban local bodies (municipalities), providing similar framework for urban governance with elected councils, mayor systems, and devolution of urban planning and service delivery functions to local level.	Extended Gandhi's decentralization principles to urban areas, creating institutional framework for participatory urban governance and bringing decision-making closer to citizens in cities and towns.