Challenges in Public Service — Ethical Standards

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
42nd Amendment	1976	Added 'integrity' to the Preamble and strengthened provisions related to public service conduct and accountability. It emphasized the duty of citizens and public servants to maintain integrity in public life.	Enhanced the constitutional foundation for ethical conduct in public service and provided stronger legal basis for addressing corruption and misconduct in government.
91st Amendment	2003	Limited the size of Council of Ministers and introduced anti-defection provisions that indirectly affected the political-administrative interface by providing more stability to governments.	Reduced political instability that often led to frequent changes in administrative leadership and policies, providing more continuity for public service functioning.