Ethics, Integrity & Aptitude·Ethical Standards

Role of Conscience in Decision Making — Ethical Standards

Updated 5 Mar 2026
EntryYearDescriptionImpact
44th Amendment1978Restored several fundamental rights that were curtailed during the Emergency, including the right to constitutional remedies and strengthened protection for personal liberty under Article 21.Enhanced protection for conscience-based resistance to arbitrary government actions and strengthened the legal framework for civil servants to challenge unconstitutional orders through proper legal channels.