Concept of Public Service — Ethical Standards

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
73rd Amendment Act	1992	This amendment granted constitutional status to Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs). It added a new Part IX to the Constitution, consisting of 16 Articles and the Eleventh Schedule. It envisaged a three-tier system of panchayats at the village, intermediate, and district levels.	It fundamentally impacted public service by decentralizing it. It transferred the responsibility for implementing several development schemes and delivering local services to elected local bodies. This brought administration closer to the people, aiming to increase accountability and responsiveness. It changed the role of district-level civil servants from direct implementers to facilitators and mentors for these local government institutions.
74th Amendment Act	1992	This amendment granted constitutional status to Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) or Municipalities. It added a new Part IX-A to the Constitution and the Twelfth Schedule, which lists 18 functional items for municipalities.	Similar to the 73rd Amendment, this act decentralized urban governance. It empowered ULBs to manage local services like urban planning, water supply, and sanitation. This shifted a significant part of urban public service delivery from state-level bureaucracies to local elected bodies, aiming for greater citizen participation and local accountability in the management of cities and towns.