Ethics, Integrity & Aptitude·Landmark Cases

Challenges to Probity — Landmark Cases

Updated 6 Mar 2026

Landmark Cases

Vineet Narain & Others v. Union of India

1997

This judgment, arising from the Hawala scandal, was a landmark in establishing the independence of investigative agencies like the CBI and CVC. The Supreme Court laid down…

Association for Democratic Reforms v. Union of India

2024

The Supreme Court struck down the Electoral Bonds Scheme as unconstitutional, citing its violation of the citizen's Right to Information under Article 19(1)(a). The judgment is a…