Oceanography — Landmark Events

Landmark Events

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)

1982 (entered into force 1994)

UNCLOS is not a 'judgment' in the traditional sense but a foundational international treaty that serves as the constitutional framework for the oceans. It established a…

South China Sea Arbitration (Philippines v. China)

2016

This arbitration case, brought by the Philippines against China under UNCLOS, challenged China's expansive claims in the South China Sea, including its 'nine-dash line' and…