Khilji Dynasty — Key Changes

Entry	Year	Description	Impact
1	c. 1300 CE	Abolition of Iqta System in Doab and other fertile regions, converting them into Khalisa land.	This reform significantly increased the direct revenue of the central government, reducing the power of the nobility who previously held these land grants. It was a crucial step towards greater centralization of state finances and administration, enabling the Sultan to fund his large standing army directly.
2	c. 1303 CE	Introduction of Dagh (branding of horses) and Huliya (descriptive roll of soldiers) systems.	These military reforms professionalized the army, ensuring that the Sultan's forces were well-equipped and efficient. Dagh prevented the substitution of good horses with inferior ones, while Huliya prevented proxy soldiers, thereby curbing corruption and enhancing the effectiveness of the cavalry, which was vital for both defence against Mongols and territorial expansion.
3	c. 1303 CE	Establishment of Diwan-i-Riyasat and appointment of Shahna-i-Mandi for market control.	This created a highly centralized economic regulatory body that fixed prices for all essential commodities. The impact was a stable, low-price environment in Delhi, which allowed Alauddin to maintain a large standing army at a relatively low cost, crucial for his military objectives. It represented an unprecedented level of state intervention in the economy.
4	c. 1300 CE	Imposition of 50% land revenue (kharaj) based on measurement (Biswa) and direct collection.	This stringent revenue demand and direct collection mechanism drastically increased state income, while simultaneously curtailing the economic power and privileges of local intermediaries like chaudharis and muqaddams. It brought the peasantry into direct contact with the state, ensuring a more efficient, albeit harsh, revenue administration.