Land Revenue Systems — Revision Notes

⚡ 30-Second Revision

- 1793: Permanent Settlement — fixed state demand, not fixed tenant rent.
Ryotwari: individual ryot
revisable assessment.
Mahalwari: village/estate unit
collective liability.
1861–1865 cotton boom: markets and credit interact with revenue.

2-Minute Revision

Identify payer and unit before judging effects. A direct settlement can still expose a cultivator to debt; a collective unit can contain unequal households. An unchanged cash demand becomes heavier relative to falling receipts. Use market and credit evidence alongside the formal settlement rules.

5-Minute Revision

Calculate the revenue share when receipts fall from 100 to 60 with a demand of 30. Explain why the result is not a historical tax estimate. Then compare how an individual ryot and a tenant under a zamindar might encounter the same crop-price shock through different obligations.

Vyyuha Quick Recall

PURR = Payer, Unit, Revision, Risk: four questions for each settlement.