Resource Exploitation and Conflict — Revision Notes

⚡ 30-Second Revision

1996: PESA; Fifth Schedule local governance.
2006: FRA; individual and community rights.
2015: MMDR section 9B enables DMFs.
Consultation, recommendation and consent are distinct.
Spending → asset → usable benefit: test each link.

2-Minute Revision

Analyse who gains, who loses and how decisions can be challenged. Rights recognition, local participation and benefit delivery address different problems. Armed groups may exploit grievances, but residents are not interchangeable with armed actors. Evaluate institutions through actual access and outcomes, while preserving lawful security and accountability.

5-Minute Revision

A district reports full expenditure on a mining-area drinking-water scheme, but residents still buy water. Identify three missing outcome checks, distinguish them from expenditure verification, and explain why this grievance does not establish that residents support an insurgent organisation.

Vyyuha Quick Recall

R–C–B–R = Rights, Costs, Benefits, Remedies: four questions for any extraction project. I–O–O = Inputs, Outputs, Outcomes: three separate stages of evaluation.