Terror Financing Networks — Mains Questions

Critically analyze the effectiveness of India's legal framework, particularly PMLA and UAPA, in combating terror financing networks. What are the key challenges and suggest measures for further strengthening?

The misuse of informal value transfer systems like Hawala and emerging technologies such as cryptocurrencies pose significant challenges to counter-terror financing efforts. Discuss the methods employed by terror networks using these channels and outline strategies for their detection and disruption.

Examine the role of international cooperation, particularly through FATF and UN mechanisms, in India's efforts to combat cross-border terror financing. What are the limitations of these mechanisms?