Espionage and Information Warfare — Mains Questions

Analyze the evolving nature of espionage and information warfare in the digital age. How do these threats challenge India's national security framework, and what measures should be adopted to counter them effectively?

Examine the constitutional challenges posed by government efforts to counter information warfare while protecting fundamental rights. Suggest a framework that balances national security imperatives with democratic values.

Critically evaluate India's institutional response to cyber espionage and information warfare threats. What reforms are needed to enhance effectiveness while ensuring accountability?